Kwubaka Ubuvumbuzi bw’udushya (innovation) mu Rwanda: Kumenya Index ku rwego rw’ isi yambere yo kuzamura Ubuhanga n’ ubuvumbuzi bw’udushya.

Mu mutima wa Afurika, u Rwanda ruri kw’isonga mw’iterambere n’ ubuvumbuzi bw’udushya, rukanahora rutera intambwe mu kuza kwisongo ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Index ya bere y’ ubuvumbuzi bw’udushya(GII) ni ikimenyetso gikomeye kigamije kumenya ubuvumbuzi bw’udushya mu bihugu byose. Iyi index yerekana ko u Rwanda rukomeje gushyira imbaraga  mu buhanzi bw’udushya n’ iterambere.

Kumenya Index ya mbere y’ Ubuvumbuzi bw’udushya 

GII mu cyiciro cya 17, ni igikoresho cy’ingenzi mu kumenya ubuvumbuzi bw’udushya bw’ibihugu byose. Kuva muri 2007, GII ni ikimenyetso gikomeye cyifashishwa n’ bihugu bishaka guteza imbere ubuvumbuzi bw’udushya n’amategeko y’ubukungu. Inakusanya ingero nyinshi z’ubuvumbuzi bw’udushya biturutse mu bipimo mirongo inani (80) byakusanyijwe mu byashyizwe buhanzi bw’udushya n’ ibyabuvuyemo. 

Icyiciro cya 17 cya GII, kizagaragazwa  ku wa 26, Kamena 2024, mu birori bizaba saa 13:30 kugeza 15:30 p.m. CEST (amasaha ya Geneva), ahazerekwa ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bikaba bizerekanwa naba minisitiri, abayoboye abacuruzi, n’ inararibonye mu byubuvumbuzi bw’udushya. Ibi birori bizatumwirwamo inteko yo kuganira ku bijyanye no kwagura kwihangira imirimo hakazerekanwa ubuvumbuzi bw’udushya ku rwego rw’isi hakoreshejwe izamuka ry’ubukungu ku rwego mpuzamahanga, igabanuka ry’amafaranga akoreshwa mu guhanga udushy, n’igabanuka ry’ umusaruro. 

Ubushobozi bw’ u Rwanda muri Index yo muri 2023 y’ubuvumbuzi bw’udushya ku rwego mpuzamahanga 

Muri index yo muri 2023 ari nayo iheruka, u Rwanda rwaje ku mwanya w’ 103 mu bihugu 132, akaba ari intambwe nziza ugereranyije n’imiterere y’ubukungu. U Rwanda ruri ku mwanya wa mbere mu bihugu 12 bikennye rukaba ku mwanya wa 9 mu bihugu 28 byo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara, byerekana ko nubwo ruhura n’ibibazo by’ubukungu, u Rwanda rwerekana ibikorwa birenze iby’ibiteganyijwe. 

Hari imbaraga zashyizwe mu buhanzi bw’udushya mu Rwanda. 

Inzego z’ibidukikije: U Rwanda ruri ku mwanya wa 33 ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu nzego. Ibi bikuyemo ubushobozi bukomeye mu bucuruzi, aho u Rwanda ruri ku mwanya 11 ku rwego rw’isi. 

Abakozi n’ubushakashatsi: U Rwanda rwateye intambwe ishimishije mu burezi cyane cyane mu bijyanye siyanse n’ubwubatsi (science and engineering) rukaba ruza ku mwanya wa 15 ku rwego mpuzamahanga. 

Ibikorwa Remezo: U Rwanda ruza ku mwanya wa 41 ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga no gukoreshwa kw’ikoranabuhanga mu gutanga serivisi za leta. 

Ariko hari aho Rwanda rwakongera imbaraga: 

Ibiva mu buhanzi bw’udushya: nubwo u Rwanda rushyira imbaraga mu buhanzi bw’udushya ruri ku mwanya wa 113 mu biva mu buhanzi bw’udushya, ibi bikaba byerekana ko umusaruro ugomba kwiyongera. 

Umusaruro w’ibiva mu buhanzi: u Rwanda ruza ku mwanya wa 117 mu bijyanye n’umusaruro mu biva mu buhanzi (creative output), byerekana ko hakenewe gushyira imbaraga mu buhanzi n’iterambere ry’umutungo bwite mu by’ ubwenge. 

Umusaruro w’ibiva ku buhanzi utagaragara mu Rwanda. 

Nubwo GII itanga ubushisozi ku byerekeranye n’imikorere y’ u Rwanda ku bijyanye no guhanga udushya, ni iby’agacaciro kugaragaza ko ibiva mu buhanzi bitabarwa mu bipimo byifashishwa muri index. 

Umusanzu w’Umuco: Umuco w’ u Rwanda ukubiyemo ubanzi nk’imigongo utanga umusanzu mu buzima bw’igihugu. Uyu muco ni ingenzi ku gihugu n’ubuvumbuzi bwacyo. Kumenya no guha agaciro iyi misanzu byafasha u Rwanda guteza imbere ibishya bidukikije. 

Ubuvumbuzi bw’udushya mu nzego zitandukanye: Ubuvumbuzi bw’udushya mu Rwanda, cyane cyane mu nzego zitandukanye nk’ubuvumbuzi, inganda nto n’ imishinga iyobowe n’abaturage ntabwo utwo dushya twandikwa. Gushishikariza aba bahanzi b’udushya kurinda umutungo wabo bwite mu by’ubwenge bishobora gufata neza ubuvumbuzi bw’udushya mu Rwanda bikerekana naho igihugu kigana muri ubu buhanzi.  

Ibisubizo Bifatika byateza imbere ibiva mu buhanzi by’udushya. 

Gufasha abahanzi bo mu gihugu: Gushyiraho gahunda zifasha abahanzi b’udushya nk’ibikorwa byo guhugura byabafasha gushyira ibitekerezo byabo bahanzi mu bikorwa bitanga umusaruro. Urugero, Rwandan Innovation Fund ifasha imishinga mito yafasha mu guteza imbere ubuvumbuzi bw’udushya. 

Guteza imbere kwandikisha umutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge: Gushishikariza abahanzi mu by’ubwenge byafasha mu kumenya neza ibiva mu bihangano by’u Rwanda. 

Ubufatanye: ubufatanye hagati y’abari mu nzego z’amashuri, Leta, n’ubuvumbuzi byafasha mu gutanga ibitekerezo n’ubushobozi byafasha mu gutanga ibisubizo birambye mu buhanzi. Urugero, ubufatanye hagati ya za kaminuza n’ abacuruzi byafasha mu gukora ubushakashatsi n’ iterambere mu nzego zinyuranye. 

Kubaha umutungo bwite wo mu by’ubwenge

Guteza imbere kubaha umutungo bwite wo mu by’ubwenge ni ngombwa mu gushyira u Rwanda imbere ku rutonde iriho muri GII. Byakorwa mu buryo bukurikira: 

Kubimenyekanisha mu Burezi:  gushyiraho inyigisho zitandukanye kumenyekanisha no kwigisha abahanzi ku mpanvu bagomba kurinda umutungo wabo bwite mu by’ubwenge bityo bigafasha mu kwandikisha umutungo wabo bwite mu by’ubwenge, bakaba banakwigishwa inyungu y’amafaranga ibirimo.  

Gushyigikira kwandikisha umutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge: gushyikira birimo imfashanyo, ku bahanzi bandikishije umutungo wabo bwite mu by’ ubwenge bytauma bihutira kwandikisha uwo mutungo wabo. 

Amategeko: gukomeza amategeko mu buryo bwo kurinda uburenganzira mu mutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge byafasha abanhanzi b’udushya kwerekana ibitekerezo byabo. 

Index y’ Ubuvumbuzi bw’udushya ku rwego mpazamhanga y’ubutaha. 

Igihe isi yitegura kumenya index y’ ubuvumbuzi ku rwego rw’Isi ku itariki ya 26 Nzeri 2024, u Rwanda rushobora gusuzuma uko ruhagaze ubu no gushyiraho intego zihambaye zo kwitwara neza kurushaho. Mu gushyira imbaraga mu bice nk’ibisohoka mu buvumbuzi bw’udushya, n’ibindi bikorwa by’ubukorikori, ndetse n’uburyo bw’isoko bushya, u Rwanda rushobora gukomeza kuzamuka mu manota no gushimangira umwanya warwo nk’uruyoboye mu by’udushya mu karere

Mu gusoza, Igipimo Mpuzamahanga cy’Ubuhanga (Global Innovation Index) ni igikoresho gikomeye kitagarukira gusa ku gipimo cy’ubuhanga, ahubwo gishishikariza no guhanga udushya. Kumva imbaraga n’intege nke z’u Rwanda binyuze muri GII bishobora gushishikariza Abanyarwanda kugira ubuhanga n’ubushake bwo guhanga udushya, bityo bigatuma igihugu gitera imbere mu nzira igana ku hazaza heza n’iterambere rirambye. Kumenya no guha agaciro ibitekerezo bitagaragara, kubahiriza umutungo mu by’ubwenge, no guteza imbere ibikorwa bifatika by’ivugurura byatuma u Rwanda rwihaza mu buhanga, rugira ubuzima butarumbiye kandi rushobora guhatana ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Guhamagarira Gukora

Mu gihe dutegereje icyegeranyo gikurikira, nimucyo twakire umukoro wo guhanga udushya no gutuma u Rwanda ruba icyitegererezo mu bwenge n’iterambere muri Afurika. Dore intambwe dushobora gufata:

Guteza Imbere Umuco no Kwerekana Impano: Tera inkunga abahanzi n’abahanga b’imbere mu gihugu, uzirikana kandi uha agaciro uruhare rwabo mu kubaka umuco n’udushya tw’u Rwanda.

Kugira Uruhare mu Kwiyandikisha ku Mutungo-Mbonezamvugo: Shishikariza abahanga kwiyandikisha ku mutungo wabo mbonezamvugo mu rwego rwo kumenya ukuri ku bushobozi bw’udushya tw’u Rwanda.

Guteza Imbere Ubufatanye: Shishikariza ubufatanye hagati y’inzego z’amashuri makuru, inganda, na leta mu guteza imbere ubushakashatsi no guhanga udushya mu nzego z’ingenzi.

Kubona amakuru arambuye ku buryo bwo kurengera uburenganzira bwawe bw’umutungo-mbonezamvugo, sura urubuga rwa [Trust Law Chambers (https://www.trustlawchambers.com/)]. Twese hamwe, dushobora gushishikariza umuco wo guhanga udushya mu Rwanda, tukazirikana ko igihugu gikomeza gutera imbere no guhanga udushya, haba imbere mu gihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Nimucyo dukorere hamwe, dukingure ubushobozi bw’u Rwanda mu guhanga udushya kandi turugire umuyobozi mu bwenge no guhanga udushya muri Afurika.

Yanditswe na: David Bahige – Afatanyije na: Shifra Mugeni.